NOPR Collection: Special issue on Current Trends in Biotechnology (ICCB-2016) (Guest Editors: Professor Ashok Pandey, Dr G Jayaraman, Professor Edgard Gnansounou, Professor Christian Larroche & Dr P Binod)

Remediation processes for petroleum oil polluted soil

Sat, 01 Apr 2017 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Remediation processes for petroleum oil polluted soil Authors: Varjani, Sunita J Abstract: Oil spill either marine or terrestrial is a real concern to human health and environmental safety. The adverse impacts on economy, environment, human health and society have been documented in case of both offshore and onshore oil spills. Oil spillage on soil greatly impacts surrounding environments, which highlights urgent need for effective removal of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants from polluted soil. Existing conventional physico-chemical methods of crude oil polluted soil remediation suffer from severe constrains, such as, low efficiency, high operational cost and large amount of sludge generation. Over the last three decades, considerable work has been done with the goal of applying microorganisms as bioremediation agents to treat oil polluted soils. In recent years, the focus of the research has been on a combination of methods used for remediation of petroleum oil polluted soil. The present paper provides selective overview of past and present scenario of using various remediation processes for removal of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants from crude oil polluted soil. Updated information on integration of various remediation methods, viz., physical-chemical, physical-biological and biological-chemical is also discussed. Page(s): 157-163

Marine Streptomyces paradoxus VITALK03 derived gancidin W mediated cytotoxicity through Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signalling pathway

Sat, 01 Apr 2017 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Marine Streptomyces paradoxus VITALK03 derived gancidin W mediated cytotoxicity through Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signalling pathway Authors: Ravi, Lokesh; Ragunathan, Adhithya; Krishnan, Kannabiran Abstract: The aim of the present study was to identify cytotoxic secondary metabolite produced by marine Streptomyces paradoxus VITALK03 and to study its mechanism of anticancer activity. Bioactivity guided screening of secondary metabolites from S. paradoxus VITALK03 resulted in identification of (3R,8aR)-3-(2‐methylpropyl)-octahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]piperazine-1,4-dione (gancidin W). The anticancer cytotoxic potential of gancidin W was screened by in silico docking analysis using 22 cancer drug target proteins. Gancidin W showed the least binding energy of –7.55 Kcal/mol with breast cancer protein KRas of pERK pathway, and showed a Ki value of 2.94 µM and formation of 4 H-bonds during the interaction. The results of in silico docking and molecular dynamic studies were further confirmed by in vitro and in vivo anticancer cytotoxicity studies. Gancidin W showed selective cytotoxicity on breast cancer cells (MCF-7) with an IC₅₀ value 1.56 µg/mL, while value of the same was 12.5 µg/mL in case of VERO cells (control). Administration of gancidin W (3 µg/d) for 14 d to MCF-7 injected (grafted) zebra fish resulted in 50% reduction in tumour progression. This is the first cumulative (preclinical) report on in vitro, in vivo and in silico anticancer activity of gancidin W. The results of in vitro, in vivo, molecular docking and molecular dynamic stimulation studies suggest that gancidin W could be probed further to develop as a breast cancer drug. Page(s): 164-175

Effect of maghemite nanoparticles in the induction of apoptosis on human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep G2) cell line

Sat, 01 Apr 2017 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Effect of maghemite nanoparticles in the induction of apoptosis on human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep G2) cell line Authors: Manikandan, K; Baral, Ishita; Anand, S B; Santhanam, Amutha Abstract: The present study focuses on the effect ofmaghemite nanoparticle in the induction of apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep G2) cells. The antiproliferative effect of maghemite nanoparticle was analysed by cell viability assay and results showed less cytotoxicity at 50 to 250 µg/mL concentration. However, further increase in particle concentration exhibited higher cytotoxicity. Dysfunction of cell was noted by shrinking and small size of the cells in morphological analysis. The induction of apoptosis was revealed with live/dead assay and DNA fragmentation assay results by noticing increasing apoptotic fluorescent cells and fragmented DNA pattern, respectively. The cell cycle analysis of Hep G2 cells illustrated that they were arrested at G2/M phase transition and favoured induction of apoptosis. The expression of inflammatory cytokines interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) were analysed by semi quantitative polymerase chain reaction that showed altered expression compared to the control. Thus the present study shows that maghemite nanoparticles induced apoptosis in Hep G2 cells through arresting the cell cycle at G2/M phase transition mediated by IFN-γ pathway. Page(s): 176-181

Insertion sequence based analysis of clinical isolates with NDM (blaNDM-1) resistance

Sat, 01 Apr 2017 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Insertion sequence based analysis of clinical isolates with NDM (blaNDM-1) resistance Authors: Jose, J; Santhiya, K; Jayanthi, S; Ananthasubramanian, M Abstract: New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1), mostly carried by Gram negative Enterobacteriaceae, is one of the leading causes of healthcare associated infections worldwide. It is capable of inactivating all β-lactam antibiotics except aztreonam and is encoded by the blaNDM-1 gene. The gene is reported to be located on bacterial chromosomes and plasmids, and transferred with the involvement of transposable elements. The current study focuses on the prevalence and association of insertion sequence (IS) with blaNDM-1 gene amongst various species of bacteria. In silico analysis showed high correlation between blaNDM-1 gene and three ISs (ISAba125, ISEc33 & ISSen4). Hence, analysis of the presence of these ISs was attempted using clinical isolates obtained from a tertiary care hospital setting in South India. Among 120 clinical isolates analyzed (PCR based detection), 51 carried the blaNDM-1 gene, out of which 39 isolates possessed at least one of the three ISs mentioned, with ISAba125 (53%) being the most common. The presence of all three ISs was detected in three NDM positive isolates. The blaNDM-1 gene could be a potential threat because of its ability to resist wide range of antibiotics and requires bold and decisive global action to resist its transferability. Page(s): 182-188