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Protective effect of crude sulphated polysaccharide from Turbinaria ornata on isoniazid rifampicin induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in the liver, kidney and brain of adult Swiss albino rats

Wed, 01 Aug 2018 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Protective effect of crude sulphated polysaccharide from Turbinaria ornata on isoniazid rifampicin induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in the liver, kidney and brain of adult Swiss albino rats Authors: Mohan, Manoj Saravana Guru; Ramakrishnan, Thiruchelvi; Mani, Vasanthi; Achary, Anant Abstract: The bio activation of drugs to chemically active compounds, induces liver injury resulting in various degenerative diseases, which could be overcome by the administration of sulphated polysaccharides. The present study addresses, the hepatoprotective potential of crude sulphated polysaccharides (CSP) from Turbinaria ornata using a Swiss albino rat model where liver damage was induced with Rifampicin (RMP) and Isoniazid (INH). The RMP-INH (75 mg/kg body weight) and CSP (10, 25, 50 and 200 mg/kg body weight) were orally administered to Swiss albino rat for 14 days. Silymarin (100 mg/kg body weight) administered group served as a positive control. At the end of the experiment serum was collected and the rats were dissected and the organs like liver, kidney and brain were collected. Administration of hepatotoxin causes increase in serum SGPT, SGOT, lipid peroxidation levels and a decrease in reduced glutathione, GST levels. Co-administration of CSP shows hepatoprotective activity on hepatotoxin induced damage. The hepatoprotective activity was also supported by histopathological studies of liver sections. In addition, our study revealed that the effect of toxicity induced in liver also caused damage to kidney and brain tissues resulting in decrease of total antioxidant status, reduced glutathione, increased levels of nitrate and macromolecular damage like lipid peroxidation. Co-administration of CSP significantly prevents the damage of liver, kidney and brain caused by hepatotoxin. The CSP (25 mg/kg body weight) from T. ornata could be a better hepatoprotective agent than standard drug Silymarin. Page(s): 237-244

The in vivo investigation of apoptotic effects of Nigella sativa on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity

Wed, 01 Aug 2018 00:00:00 GMT

Title: The in vivo investigation of apoptotic effects of Nigella sativa on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity Authors: Uysal, Tuna; Uğurtan, Mevlüt Han; Sezer, Ela Nur Şimşek; Vatansev, Hüsamettin; Bozkurt, Meryem; Evliyaoğlu, Nurcan Abstract: Nigella sativa commonly known as black seed or black cumin has been used for medicinal purposes for centuries. Our purpose in this study is to determine the apoptotic effects of black cumin seed oil (N. sativa) on CCl₄ induced hepatoxicity via molecular markers. For this aim, four experimental groups were created and each of them was intraperitoneally exposed to CCl₄ (G2), CCl₄ + black cumin oil (G3) and black cumin oil (G4) except from control (G1). DNA fragmentation, RT-PCR, and caspase-3 assay were carried out. According to our results, a remarkable morphological anointment was observed at the G2. The G3 had the lower fatty comparing to G2. DNA profiles were visualized and DNA fragmentation was only in the G3. PCR results showed that BAX gene expression fairly rose in the G3 and BCL-2 gene expression was only determined in the G2. Decreased caspase-3 in G2, and the increased of it’s in G3, clearly supported the activation of the apoptotic pathway for injured cells. Consequently, our results indicated that the increases of caspase and BAX/BCL-2 rates demonstrated that there was an effective molecular mechanism based on black cumin induced apoptosis in rat liver which leads to the release of cytochrome-c from the mitochondria to the cytosol, finally activating caspase-3 and resultant apoptosis. Page(s): 245-250

Effect of consumption of unheated and thermally-modified sesame and coconut oils on inflammation mediated metabolic disorders in Wistar rats

Wed, 01 Aug 2018 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Effect of consumption of unheated and thermally-modified sesame and coconut oils on inflammation mediated metabolic disorders in Wistar rats Authors: Shanmugasundaram, Balasubramanian; Singh, Vijay Kumar; Shrestha, Shrijana; Sarkar, Sajib Kumar; Jeevaratnam, Kadirvelu; Koner, Bidhan Chandra Abstract: Coconut oil and sesame oil are commonly used in South India for frying foods. On heating, edible oils form hazardous chemicals. This study explores the effect of consumption of unheated and thermally-altered sesame and coconut oils on coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors in Wistar rats. Thirty Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=6/group). Group I (Control) was fed only chow, Group II: chow + unheated sesame oil, Group III: chow + heated sesame oil, Group IV: Chow + unheated coconut oil, Group V: chow + heated coconut oil. After eight weeks of treatment, serum lipid profile, hs-CRP, leptin, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, TNF-α, IL-6 and plasma homocysteine and fibrinogen levels were estimated. Rats in Group II showed a significant decrease in serum cholesterol, LDL-c, TNF-α, hs-CRP, insulin, and HOMA-IR but a significant increase in HDL-c, Group III showed opposite effects on these parameters, except that it decreased serum triglycerides level. Group IV and V did not show any significant effect on stated parameters. We conclude that consumption of unheated sesame oil gives protective effects against the CAD. Thermally altered sesame oil increases the CAD risk. Unheated and thermally altered coconut oil did not show any significant effect. Hence, we recommend that sesame oil better be used for dressing the food and coconut oil for frying. Page(s): 251-255

Effect of green tea consumption on RBC morphology, membrane properties and antioxidant status in chronic cigarette smokers

Wed, 01 Aug 2018 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Effect of green tea consumption on RBC morphology, membrane properties and antioxidant status in chronic cigarette smokers Authors: Begum, Shakeela M; Padmavathi, P; Saradamma, B; Maturu, P; Vardhan, Ananda H; Varadacharyulu, NC; Reddy, Damodara V Abstract: Morbidity and mortality attributed to cigarette smoking is a well-known risk factor for diseases and different type of cancers. Free radicals generated by smoking enter into circulation and interacts with blood constituents and RBC membrane thereby causing pathophysiological changes. Herbal extracts have been reported as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory supplements, which attenuates free radical induced oxidative stress, among which green tea (Camellia sinensis) has been reported as the elixir of life due to its innumerable health benefits. The present study investigates the protective effect of green tea consumption against cigarette smoking-induced oxidative stress on RBC morphology, membrane properties. Blood samples were collected from 120 selected human male volunteers categorized into four groups viz., controls, smokers, control volunteers consuming green tea with no habit of smoking and smokers consuming green tea were analyzed. Results of this study showed that significantly altered membrane lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls, -SH groups, ATPases, individual phospholipids, morphological changes in RBC structure and membrane proteins as evident by SDS-PAGE in smokers. Besides, smokers showed decreased activities of antioxidant status. The adverse changes observed in the above parameters in smokers were preserved upon supplementation of green tea. In conclusion, the presence of phenols, flavonoids and tannins, in particular, catechins in green tea might be responsible for the observed protection against smoking-induced alterations in blood. Page(s): 256-263