NOPR Collection: Special issue on Opportunities and Challenges in Fermentation Based Industrial Processes - [IAMF 2018] (Guest Editors: Vikash Babu, Asha Chaubey & Saurabh Saran)

Future prospects of fermentation in unani based drugs

Tue, 01 Oct 2019 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Future prospects of fermentation in unani based drugs Authors: Kumar, Kishore; Zakir, Mohammed Abstract: Unani system of medicine is being practiced in India for hundreds of years for treating various ailments by its holistic approach with natural means and drugs. Unani formulations are based on herbal, mineral and animal origin. Till date, there is no major development in different forms of the drugs and are being used as they are mentioned in the classical literature. There is need of the hour to devise pharmaceutical processing techniques to achieve palatability, more stability, absorption and assimilability of both single and compound Unani drugs without deviating from the original essence as described in the literature. Fermentation (Takhmīr) may be explored as a unique tool for the modification of dosage forms for herbal Unani drugs. It is a process of chemical change caused by organisms or their products for transformation to another compound of medicinal value. It extracts a wide range of active ingredients from the herb than any other methods of extraction. During fermentation, undesirable molecules like sugars are removed from plant extracts and made the product more bio-available and stable, less toxic and more efficient. In the Unani system of medicine, various products have been mentioned in classical literature where the process of the fermentation is applied for the preparation of drugs like Sirka, Nabeez, Dar Bahra, etc. Fermentation based drugs used in Ayurveda are Asvas and Arishthas are generally found superior to extracts for absorption in the gut with enhanced therapeutic properties, quicker action, and longer shelf life. In order to achieve better therapeutics in Unani Drugs, the process of development of compound formulation based on fermentation should be adopted for different forms of Unani formulations. Page(s): 347-351

Production of Bioflavour from Microbial Sources and its health benefits

Tue, 01 Oct 2019 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Production of Bioflavour from Microbial Sources and its health benefits Authors: Roy, Priyanka; Kumar, Vijay Abstract: Aroma and flavour are the important part of food that increase the organoleptic properties of a food and makes the food more acceptable among consumers. Flavour and aromatic compounds are the most essential components in food, feed, cosmetics, pharmaceutics, and toiletries products. Commercial production of flavour and aroma compounds from the microbial source in the industry is a modern approach but the concept behind it is in human practices since time immemorial. However, the health-promoting benefits of microbial bioprocesses products are numerous ranging, from antibiotics to fermented functional foods are among the most appreciable one. This review includes the verity of flavour production from various types of microorganisms and its application in the food industry, and a brief discussion about its health benefits among the consumers. Page(s): 352-357

Binary immobilization: a newer approach for immobilizing lipase from a thermophilic sp. of Thermomyces lanuginosus

Tue, 01 Oct 2019 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Binary immobilization: a newer approach for immobilizing lipase from a thermophilic sp. of Thermomyces lanuginosus Authors: Gupta, Pritesh; Nipunta; Dutt, Kakoli; Saran, Saurabh; Saxena, Rajendra Kumar Abstract: We report binary immobilization of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase enzyme using chitosan as the support. This method of enzyme immobilization is better than cross-linked enzyme aggregate (CLEA) in terms of better enzyme recovery and separation. This method of immobilization resulted in an increase in the thermostability of the binary immobilized lipase as against the crude free enzyme. This preparation could be used for nearly 15 consecutive cycles with 80-100% efficiency. Reusability of the immobilized enzyme makes it an economical alternative to the traditional way. Immobilized lipases in particular are a modern catalytic tool for various industrially significant reactions and applications. Page(s): 358-362

Cholesterol lowering and antioxidant potential of probiotic bacteria isolated from locally fermented milk product kalarei

Tue, 01 Oct 2019 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Cholesterol lowering and antioxidant potential of probiotic bacteria isolated from locally fermented milk product kalarei Authors: Bhat, Bilqeesa; Habib, Bisma; Bhagat, Neha; Bajaj, Bijender Kumar Abstract: Probiotics due to their multifaceted health promoting attributes have gained immense research impetus in recent years. The current study reports the hypocholesterolemic potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from indigenous sources. LAB may use several mechanisms for lowering serum cholesterol level viz. cholesterol assimilation, bile salt deconjugation, and cholesterol adsorption on cell surface of live, resting and dead probiotic cells. Cholesterol lowering is generally a strain dependent phenomenon, and different LAB isolates exhibited varying level of hypocholesterolemic effects. Among the LAB isolates, K2 i.e. Enterococcus faecalis K2 showed the highest in vitro cholesterol lowering ability (82.32%), and strong bile salt deconjugation potential, and released about 128.43 µM/mL of cholic acid upon bile salt deconjugation. Furthermore, cholesterol removal by live, resting and dead E. faecalis K2 probiotic cells was shown to the extent of 72.46, 44.93, and 45.88%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy displayed appreciable adherence of cholesterol on to the cellular surfaces of E. faecalis K2 cells. The antioxidant potential of the cell free cultural fluid of LAB isolates was quite variable. LAB isolate E. faecalis K2 showed appreciable DPPH radical scavenging activity (37.36%), hydroxyl radical scavenging ability (26.35%), and superoxide radical scavenging ability (42.67%). Most of the LAB probiotic isolates were susceptible to conventionally used antibiotics, and lacked biogenic amine producing ability and haemolytic activity. The probiotic isolate E. faecalis K2 may have potential for application for management of hypercholesterolemia related coronary heart diseases, however, after thorough in vivo investigation. Page(s): 363-372