NOPR Collection:

Piscicidal plants of Northeast India and its future prospect in aquaculture - A comprehensive review

Sun, 01 Sep 2019 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Piscicidal plants of Northeast India and its future prospect in aquaculture - A comprehensive review Authors: Dutta, Manash Pratim; Singh, Moirangthem Kameshwor; Borah, Dhitri Abstract: Traditional knowledge and some indigenous techniques still serve as a reliable tool for harvesting resources from nature. Different species of plants (approx. 114) are used as piscicides by various people inhabiting Northeast India from a long period of time for fish harvesting purpose. The principle bioactive compounds present in the plant part (leaves, seed, kernels & bark) have varying potencies and mode of action depending on whether it is applied directly or in the forms of extracts (aqueous & alcohol) used. Aquaculture is one of the major sources of livelihood and protein in Northeast India. Although rich numbers of piscicidal plants are available, it cannot be commercially utilized in aquaculture unless detailed accounts of these plants are known. Bioactive compounds like saponins, rotenone, tannins, alkaloids etc. present in the plant may help to control the unwanted/predatory fish for healthy aquaculture. In the present review, the focus is given to all the plants used as a piscicide in Northeast India and its bioactive compounds, extraction medium, effective dose, test fish species and their biochemical, physiological and behavioural changes on some commercially important fish in India. Uses of herbal piscicides in aquaculture may help in replacing the harmful chemical piscicides of the environment. Page(s): 165-174

Protective effect of methanol leaf extract of Sphaeranthus indicus L. on an experimental model of epilepsy

Sun, 01 Sep 2019 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Protective effect of methanol leaf extract of Sphaeranthus indicus L. on an experimental model of epilepsy Authors: Singh, Sonia; Semwal, Bhupesh C. Abstract: The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of methanol extract of S. indicus L. leaves (SIME) on seizures using pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and maximal electroshock (MES) models in mice. The methanol extract was obtained by maceration process of 500g leaves with methanol at room temperature for 72 hours. In MES model, the prevention of hind limb extension was considered as a protective action. In the PTZ induced seizure model, the presence or absence of clonic convulsion was considered as the endpoint. The extraction obtained were evaluated for antioxidant activity using free radical scavenging activity. The extract at a dose of 300 mg/kg b.w, p.o, resulted significant (P <0.0001) antiepileptic activity by decreasing the duration of hind limb extension phase in MES model and delaying the onset of action in PTZ model with the control and other test groups. The SIME scavenged DPPH radical, by showing IC50= 25.68 µg/mL and exhibit significant result (P <0.0001) at a dose of 300 mg/kg. The biochemical evaluation of SLME showed a significant increase (300 mg/kg) in the amount of GABA level brain against PTZ induced seizures in mice. The methanol extract of S. indicus L. leaves has antiepileptic activity, which might be because of flavonoids. Page(s): 175-180

Evaluation of Ageratum houstonianum Mill leaves extracts against phytopathogenic fungi

Sun, 01 Sep 2019 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Evaluation of Ageratum houstonianum Mill leaves extracts against phytopathogenic fungi Authors: Devkota, Anjana; Sahu, Anita Abstract: Ageratum houstonianum Mill. (Asteraceae) leaves extract (in distilled water and methanol) was evaluated against five phytopathogenic fungi: Alternaria brassicae, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora capsici and Sclerotium rolfsii at different concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg/mL). The phytochemical screening depicted the presence of terpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids. The activity test of extracts against fungi was determined by poisoned food technique and linear mycelium growth reduction (LMGR) percentage was calculated. Methanol crude leaf extract had higher antifungal potential than the distilled water extract. Aqueous and methanolic extracts of leaves of A. houstonianum greatly reduced the mycelium growth of tested fungi, which can be used for the disease management. Page(s): 181-187

Antifungal activity and evaluation of phenolics contents of dill Anethum graveolens L. extracts original from Algeria

Sun, 01 Sep 2019 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Antifungal activity and evaluation of phenolics contents of dill Anethum graveolens L. extracts original from Algeria Authors: Zeyneb, Tifouri Benzina; Fawzia, Toumi Benali; Mohamed, Benyahia; Joon-kwan, Moon Abstract: The present study aims to evaluate the antifungal activity of dill Anethum graveolens L. against two fungus pathogens of cereals in Algeria, where quantification of the secondary metabolite was investigated in different plant part (whole plant, seeds) and two soil conditions, one is non-salty and second salty soil.The polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins ranged from 6.25±0.74 mg/g dried weight for the tannins to 167±9.47 mg/g dried weight for polyphenols. The antifungal activity of extracts was tested against Rhynchosporium secalis and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis. The mycelial growth of the tested fungi was also determined to evaluate the antifungal activity. The ideal concentration showed a significant reduction of the two tested fungi was found to be 10 mg/mL, and the mycelial growth inhibition was determined after 7 days of incubation. Observations on the mycelial growth after extracts treatment decreased growth diameters. The effect of the hexanoic extract on inhibition of P. tritici-repentis was 91.17% and the methanolic extract inhibited R. secalis at 93.42% as the highest inhibition rate. Thus, the extract of dill could be used to control fungus pathogens as a potential source of eco-friend fungicide. Page(s): 188-194