NOPR Collection: Special Issue on Advances in Food and Industrial Biotechnology (Guest Editors: Biju Dharmapalan, Ebin Philip Thompson & Blessan Santhosh George) [Pages 823-892]

Low digestible starch and food industry: A changing paradigm

Tue, 01 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Low digestible starch and food industry: A changing paradigm Authors: Rahaman, Sohel; Singh, Archana; Praveen, Shelly; Krishnan, Veda Abstract: Globally, starch based foods including staples are consumed most as they contribute maximum towards the daily per capita energy. While the carbaholic nature resulting high post prandial glycemic response has led to a starch dilemma and innovative low glycemic profile grains as well as products are thus the need of the hour. The presence of two nutritional fractions – slowly digestible starch (SDS) and resistant starch (RS) which endorse the low glycemic potency is thus supplemented in food industry for developing low glycemic food prototypes. The unique characteristic of RS like bland flavour, white colour, low water holding capacity along with its prebiotic potential has made them a valuable component in functional foods. Many strategies are currently applied to increase the proportion of SDS and RS including physical, chemical, enzymatic as well as their combinations. Thus, considering the changing paradigm, the aim of this review is to understand the basic concepts of starch digestibility, inherent factors affecting digestibility, applications in food industry, current strategies, commercial counterparts as well as existing dietary regulations. Page(s): 830-841

Edible mushroom Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers. mycelium protects DNA and mitochondria from radiation induced damages

Tue, 01 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Edible mushroom Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers. mycelium protects DNA and mitochondria from radiation induced damages Authors: Nitha, B; De, Strayo; Devasagayam, TPA; Janardhanan, KK Abstract: Mushrooms have gained great attraction not only for their nutritional and medicinal values but also for diversity of their bioactive components. Morchella esculenta, commonly called Morel, is an edible and nutritious mushroom. In the present study, we evaluated the radioprotective effect of cultured mycelium of M. esculenta against radiation induced damages in mouse spleen lymphocyte DNA and rat liver mitochondria. The mitochondria were exposed to 450 Gy γ-radiation and lipid peroxidation caused by radiation was studied by LOOH assay and TBARS assay. M. esculenta extract at a concentration of 200 and 50 µg/mL significantly inhibited the formation of LOOH and TBARS formation in mitochondria. The protective effect of M. esculenta against radiation-induced damage to DNA in the spleen lymphocyte was measured using comet assay. Spleen lymphocytes were exposed to γ-radiation at a dose of 6 Gy in the presence and absence of the extract and the strand break were analyzed. The extract inhibited the strand break significantly. The study indicate that M. esculenta mycelia protect mitochondria form oxidative stress and DNA from deleterious effects induced by radiation and has potential for the development of safe and non-toxic radio protector with significant nutritional properties. Page(s): 842-847

Nutritional profile of climbing perch (Anabas testudineus Bloch, 1792) muscle tissue with emphasis on seasonal variations

Tue, 01 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Nutritional profile of climbing perch (Anabas testudineus Bloch, 1792) muscle tissue with emphasis on seasonal variations Authors: Varghese, Treesa; Mathew, Saleena Abstract: Nutritional profile of Climbing Perch (Anabas testudineus Bloch, 1792) muscle tissue were analyzed with emphasis on seasonal variations. Climbing Perch muscle tissue had high lipid content, constituting about 12.87%. The mean value of protein, moisture and ash were found to be 15.46, 68.86 and 1.25%, respectively. Highest values were observed in the month of March and April for protein (17.02%) and lipid (14.06%), respectively, while lowest values were in the month of July for both protein (13.02%) and lipid (11.08%). Highest and lowest values for water content were noticed in the month of July (73.37%) and March (66.91%). Protein (P <0.01) and lipid (P <0.01) content showed a negative correlation with moisture content within the muscle tissue. Additionally, between protein and lipid a positive relation was observed (P <0.01). Ash content showed no significant correlation with protein, lipid or moisture content in the muscle tissue and its maximum value was noticed in the month of March (1.75%). The results suggested that the proximate composition of fish muscle tissue significantly varies during different seasons. The present studies thus provide information on variation in proximate composition of the Climbing Perch with seasons which is useful for the processing industry. Page(s): 848-852

Isolation, screening and identification of amylase and catalase producing bacterial strains from marine sediments

Tue, 01 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Isolation, screening and identification of amylase and catalase producing bacterial strains from marine sediments Authors: Mahima, P; Amridha, R; Senan, Priya V Abstract: Marine sediments are valuable source of industrially useful enzymes. Here, we attempted isolation, screening and identification of bacterial strains from marine sediments which produce industrially important enzymes amylase and catalase. Marine sediment samples were collected and cultured on zobell marine agar medium. After incubation, the isolates that showed amylase and catalase activity were selected for the assay. The strains AM01 and Ca07 showed the highest amylase and catalase activity, respectively. The selected strains were further sequenced for identification. Morphological studies indicated that the isolates were Gram -ve, rod shaped and non-motile organism. The phenotypic characterization and 16S rRNA of the strains AM01 and Ca07 revealed them to be Klebsiella pneumoniae and K. quasipneumoniae, respectively. Page(s): 853-860