http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/58126 Fri, 09 Oct 2026 04:16:05 GMT 2026-10-09T04:16:05Z http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/58145 Title: Combined Effect of Disc Coulters and Operational Speeds on Soil Disturbance and Crop Residue Cutting under No-Tillage System in Soil Bin Authors: Kumar, N; Sawant, C P; Sharma, R K; Chhokar, R S; Tiwari, P S; Singh, D; Roul, A K; Tripathi, S C; Gill, S C; Singh, G P Abstract: In the present study, a residue cutting system comprising of different disc coulters (plain, notch, curved teeth, cutter bar and star wheel) was developed and its performance was evaluated under no-tillage system in soil bin. The performance of residue cutting system was evaluated by performing a total of 135 experiments (including replications) in soil bin (black cotton soil, moisture content: 16.8–18.4% db and cone index: 1600±100 kPa) using forward speeds of 0.56, 0.83 and 1.11 m∙s⁻¹ under the crop residues of rice (8 t∙ha⁻¹), wheat (8 t∙ha⁻¹) and maize (16 t∙ha⁻¹). The effects of disc coulters and operational speeds on performance parameters viz. penetration depth, top width, soil disturbance and residue cutting were investigated. For all type of disc coulters, penetration depth and top width were found in the range of 5–10 and 0.6–5.7 cm, respectively. The least soil disturbance was observed for star wheel disc coulter under maize residue. The operational speeds of 0.56 and 1.11 m∙s⁻¹ favored lesser soil disturbance. The highest mean residue cutting was observed for star wheel disc coulter (98.15%) followed by notched (84.12%), curved teeth (75.82%), plain (61.82%) and cutter bar blade disc coulter (52.12%). The change in forward speed did not produce significant effect on residue cutting. Star wheel disc coulter was effective in cutting of medium to heavy residue loads of rice, wheat and maize crops along with minimal soil disturbance. Page(s): 739-749 Wed, 01 Sep 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/58145 2021-09-01T00:00:00Z http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/58144 Title: Artificial Neural Network Modeling of Hot-air Drying Kinetics of Mango Kernel Authors: Nayak, P; Rayaguru, K; Bal, L M; Das, S; Dash, S K Abstract: Large quantities of mango seeds are generated as waste during extraction of mango pulp. The mango kernels are nutritionally rich and can be used as food in the form of flour and starch. Present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of blanching and convective drying air temperature of 50, 60 and 70°C on drying characteristics of mango kernel in splitted and shredded form. The drying characteristics of prepared samples were studied in terms of moisture ratio, drying time, and effective moisture diffusivity. The colour parameters (‘L’, ‘a', ‘b’) of dried samples, were also estimated separately. Drying kinetics (moisture ratio vs drying time) of mango kernels modelled using three transfer functions (Tansig, Logsig and Purelin) of Artificial Neural Network (ANN). A reduction in the total drying time was observed with decrease in size of kernel but with rise in drying air temperature. The splitted and shredded kernels took about 450 to 840 min and 210 to 600 min respectively to be dried to final moisture content of 9 ± 1% (d.b.). Blanching did not show any significant influence on drying time. The drying process of mango kernels for all the conditions was observed to follow the falling rate. Modeling of drying kinetics of mango kernels was carried out using experimental results through artificial neural network. Results showed that the developed ANN model using logsig transfer function could predict the moisture ratio with high coefficient of determination (R² = 0.99) and low root mean square error (0.01) within the range of tested operating conditions. The established ANN model can be used for online prediction of moisture content of splitted and shredded mango kernels during hot air drying process which has relevance to the food and pharmaceutical industry to produce dried mango kernels at desired moisture content. Page(s): 750-758 Wed, 01 Sep 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/58144 2021-09-01T00:00:00Z http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/58143 Title: Enhanced Degradation of C₁₇ and C₃₄ of Bonny Light Crude Oil by Enterobacter sp. Authors: Nkanang, A J Abstract: Investigation of enhanced potential of Enterobacter sp. in biodegradation of Bonny light crude oil components, C₁₇ and C₃₄ was carried out. Samples of water and sediment were collected from predetermined locations and subjected to microbiological analyses using standard methodologies. Of the 32 potential hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria isolated from the water and sediment samples that were exposed to crude oil contamination, only one isolate,Enterobacter sp. (Y₈ESWS₃) was found to effectively biodegrade 99.8% of C₁₇ and 93% of C₃₄ of the aliphatic hydrocarbon after 28 days of degradation. Analysis of variance assessed by gas chromatography revealed that bacterial species (P=9.05E-05<0.05) and nature of hydrocarbon fraction (P=8.55E-08<0.05) significantly influence the hydrocarbonoclastic potential. The high growth rate of Enterobacter sp. and its ability to considerably reduce the hydrocarbon component, C₁₇ and C₃₄ of Bonny light crude oil makes it, an impressive candidate for consideration in bio –augmentation. Page(s): 759-765 Wed, 01 Sep 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/58143 2021-09-01T00:00:00Z http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/58142 Title: The Modular Nonoverlapping Grasp Workspaces and Dynamics for the Grippers using the Micro and Macro C-Manifold Design Authors: Sahin, H Abstract: The toolbox for the gripper workspace analyses using Lie algebra is developed for shape variables (α_1-4 − θ_1,2) of the skew revolute joints. The unique methodology for grippers comprises to enable the variety of manifold analyses for kinematics and dynamics using symbolic mathematics. The Controllable Instantaneous Screw Axes (C-ISA) are defined through the shape variables considering the twists of the skew revolute joints se(3). The derivation and analyses of the kinematics and dynamics equations are made possible using the developed methodology with the defined constraints for gripper mechanisms. The Modular Gripper with Lie Algebra Toolbox (M-GLAT) is developed for the defined constraints of the angle between C-ISA 1 and C-ISA 2. The novelty subject of this article is the development of the M-GLAT method for derivation of the constraint based workspaces with the shape variables (α_1-4 − θ_1,2) in the field of the spatial 2-RR gripper mechanisms. The gripper dynamics with constraint based workspaces of the skew revolute joints are developed for varied configurations of α_1-4 with ICs of θ_1,2. The modular rule-based workspaces are analyzed for the shape variables of the (α_1-4 − θ_1,2) with the task spaces. This design produces dexterity with the modular grasp workspaces for the gripper fingers with skew revolute joints. One can select a combination of C-manifolds of (π/20, π/40, π/80) for the requirement of the nonoverlapping workspaces of the gripper finger designs as the grasp surfaces to control. The modular nonoverlapping workspace design with dynamics herein is based on the shape variables (α_1-4 − θ_1,2) using skew revolute joint which produce the high dexterity for the grasping capability of the grippers. The modular micro and macro C-manifold designs obtained the constraint based workspace algorithms of the 2-RR gripper which is expandable into the higher modular revolute joints of the n-R for the grippers. The n-R modular expandable grippers are increasing the precision and power grasping capability. Page(s): 766-776 Wed, 01 Sep 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/58142 2021-09-01T00:00:00Z