NOPR Collection: [Pages 739-810]

LC-MS/MS profiles, multielement levels and biological activities of Hypericum heterophyllum Vent.

Thu, 01 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Title: LC-MS/MS profiles, multielement levels and biological activities of Hypericum heterophyllum Vent. Authors: Hazman, Omer; Aksoy, Laçine; Büyükben, Ahmet; Kara, Recep; Kargıoglu, Mustafa; Cigerci, İbrahim Hakkı; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah Abstract: Plants belonging to the genus Hypericum L. are widely used in traditional folk medicine due to their hypericin and pseudohypericin contents. In this study, we investigated the biological activity, phenolic and elemental content of methanol and acetone extracts of sheepskin grass, Hypericum heterophyllum Vent. a species that that lacks both hypericin and pseudohypericin. The total antioxidant status of the extracts was determined by commercial kits. Antibacterial effect of extracts was investigated on seven bacterial strains. Cytotoxic effects of the extracts on lung cancer cell lines were determined by MTT (3-4,5-dimethyl-thiazolyl-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) method. Phenolic content was determined by LC-ESI-MS/MS. Elements in the plant were determined by ICP-OES. The total phenolic content and antioxidant status of the species’ methanol extract were found to be higher than the acetone extract. Both of the extracts at a concentration of 20% have an antibacterial effect, especially the antibacterial effect of acetone extract. It was determined that acetone extract has an anticarcinogenic impact depending on the dose. Chlorogenic acid, miquelianin and isoquercitrin are the most abundant flavonoids in methanol and acetone extract. The plant contains Ca, K, and Mg elements in high concentrations. The phenolic substances and elements in H. heterophyllum, widely used in our country, have been presented for the first time in the literature. Besides, it can be said that the plant has antioxidant, anticarcinogen, and antimicrobial activities due to the crucial flavonoids and elements it contains. Page(s): 743-752

Antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities of Mentha x piperita L. essential oil in non-small cell lung cancer cells

Thu, 01 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities of Mentha x piperita L. essential oil in non-small cell lung cancer cells Authors: Yücel, Dilge; Sezer, Canan Vejselova; Yücel, Ersin; Kutlu, Hatice Mehtap Abstract: Among 33 types of listed cancers worldwide, lung cancer with 2.2 million cases (12.2% of total cancer cases) ranks second next only to breast cancer. Globally, Turkey, with overall rate of 40.0 (41,264 cases), ranks 5th among the top 10 countries in lung cancer. Currently used therapeutic agents and approaches have considerable side effects, and hence, there is a need for alternative agents for effective management of lung cancer. In this study, we explored the in vitro cytotoxic, antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities of Mentha x piperita L. (peppermint) essential oil in human non-small cell lung cancer (A549) cells. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay, morphological changes were determined by confocal microscopy and apoptosis promoting action was determined by flow cytometry technique. Peppermint essential oil found to effectively decrease the viability of non-small cell lung cancer cells and IC50 value was detected at low concentrations (2.12%) for 24 h. In addition, peppermint essential oil was found to alter the morphology of A549 cells, leading to changes that could describe programmed cell death. Apoptosis was the triggered cell death by Mentha x piperita essential oil. Results reveal that Mentha x piperita essential oil has antiproliferative and anticarcinogenic properties which could be attributed to the bioactive phytochemical contents and has the potential to be used as an anticancer agent and chemotherapeutic drug. Page(s): 753-758

Significance of fermented rice beverage on management of antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD) on Wistar rats

Thu, 01 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Significance of fermented rice beverage on management of antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD) on Wistar rats Authors: Mishra, Birendra Kumar; Das, Sujit; Prajapati, Jashbhai B.; Patel, Maulik; Ghodasara, Dineshkumar J.; Pathan, Mohsinkhan; Hati, Subrota Abstract: Antibiotic associated diarrhoea (AAD) is caused mostly by disruption of the physiological gut microflora. One potential strategy to prevent this is the concurrent use of probiotic bacteria or yeast. Tribal populations of West Garo Hill region of Meghalaya use locally available unique microflora to prepare fermented food products whichserve as a potential source of novel probiotic organisms and bioactive compounds. In this context, here, we have evaluated the potentiality of laboratory made functional fermented rice beverage in mitigating AAD on animal models viz. Wistar rats. The animal models were administered with fermented rice beverage (test group A1), combination of indigenous Lactobacillus isolates (test group A2), a yeast isolate (test group A3), loperamide (test group STD), normal control (test group NC) and disease control (test group DC). Furthermore, various diarrhea assessment parameters were checked from each group followed by analysis of fecal microbiome, haematological parameters, histopathology of colon, liver and cecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) determination. NC and A1 was least affected by AAD induction with a faecal consistency score of 1 on the final day of the study. After day 10, a significant reduction (P <0.05) in the faecal water content was observed in A1, A2 and STD till day 15. Compared to the NC, a slight decrease in body weight was found in the rest of five test groups at day 5, 10 and 15. Except NC, the remaining five test groups showed a significant decrease of lactobacilli and yeast counts in faecal microbiota at 5th day. An increase in the enterococci and coliform counts indicated severe diarrheal condition but A1 reported with significant increase (P <0.05) in the population of Lactobacillus at day 15. An increase in red blood corpuscles, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration was observed. During the histopathology analysis of colon and liver, normal layers of mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and serous with absence of any abnormal changes or lesions was seen in A1. The cecal concentrations of lactate, acetate and propionate were significantly higher in A1 as compared to the other test groups. Therefore, fermented rice beverage possesses potential to be used in inhibition of antibiotic associated diarrhea with further clinical investigations. Page(s): 759-770

Escherichia coli biofilm formation and control by phenolic compounds from Salvia officinalis L. extracts

Thu, 01 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Escherichia coli biofilm formation and control by phenolic compounds from Salvia officinalis L. extracts Authors: Stefanović, Olgica; Mladenović, Dijana; Mladenović, Katarina; Grujović, Mirjana; Ivanović, Dragana Abstract: Biofilm is recognized as one of the virulence factors of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. It offers bacteria significantly increased tolerance to antibiotics and makes difficulties in infection eradication. In this study, the biofilm formation ability of clinical isolates of uropathogenic E. coli as well as the antibiofilm activity of the common Garden sage, Salvia officinalis L.extracts were investigated in vitro. The influence of growth conditions (nutrient composition and incubation period) onbiofilm formation of E. coli strains was evaluated using crystal violet staining procedure. The tested strains better formedbiofilms after a longer incubation period (48 h). In addition, biofilm formation depended on nutrient medium composition.The eight strains were slime producers (Congo red agar assay). The water, ethanol, acetone and diethyl ether S. officinalisextracts were screened for their ability to inhibit the formation and metabolic activity of E. coli biofilms using crystalviolet and resazurin assay, respectively. The water extract was not active, while ethanol, acetone and diethyl etherextract exhibited antibiofilm activity (MBIC= 2.5-10 mg/mL). The microscopic visualization of treated E. coli LM1 biofilmhas shown morphological and density changes. In addition, the concentrations of phenolic compounds were determinedspectrophotometrically. The highest content of total phenolics was found in acetone extract while the flavonoids inwater extract. Page(s): 771-780