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Sinapic acid reduces pentylenetetrazol induced seizures in rats

Sat, 01 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Sinapic acid reduces pentylenetetrazol induced seizures in rats Authors: Ekici, Mehmet; Güneş, Handan; Gezer, Arzu Abstract: Seizure is known to induce oxidative stress which may initiate neuronal death. Oxidant-antioxidant imbalance often leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and apoptosis in the brain which may further result in the development of seizure. Phenolic compounds such as curcumin and rosmarinic acid are reported to control convulsions and seizures in pentylenetetrazol induced seizures models by suppressing seizure time, oxidative stress and inflammation indirectly. Sinapic acid (SA), a polyphenolic product of hydroxycinnamic acid found in various plants, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anxiolytic effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of sinapic acid on pentylenetetrazol induced seizures in rats through oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and neurotrophic factor. A total of 28 male Wistar Albino rats weighing 200-220 g were divided into four equal groups (n=7/group). The treatment groups received 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg SA, respectively, by oral gavage for five consecutive days along with pentylenetetrazol (45 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) to induce seizures. The levels of Total oxidant status (TOS), Total antioxidant status (TAS), TNF-α, IL-1β, and Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were measured in the cortex and hippocampus. Additionally, caspase 3 and caspase 9 levels, as well as the immunoreactivity of Cleaved caspase 3, were determined in the hippocampus. The results showed that pretreatment with 20 mg/kg SA delayed the latency of generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) and first myoclonic jerk, reduced GTCS duration, and improved seizure score and cognitive function. Importantly, the 20 mg/kg SA pretreatment resulted in decreased levels of TOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and BDNF in the cortex and hippocampus, while increasing TAS levels in these brain areas. Moreover, the 20 mg/kg SA reduced hippocampal caspase 3 and caspase 9 levels, as well as the immunoreactivity of Cleaved caspase 3 in rats with pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures. These findings suggest that the anti-seizure effects of SA are mediated by BDNF modulation, as well as its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. Page(s): 379-392

Synthesis of phycoerythrin-Ag-ZnO nanobiocomposite from marine red algae Porphyridium purpureum for anticancer applications against MCF-7 cell line

Sat, 01 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Synthesis of phycoerythrin-Ag-ZnO nanobiocomposite from marine red algae Porphyridium purpureum for anticancer applications against MCF-7 cell line Authors: G, Baskar; K, Keerthana; A, Supriya; R, Pravin; AR, Abinesh; SA, Yuvaraaj Abstract: The focus on utilization of marine macroalgae for green synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles with potential applications in cancer treatment has gained a lot of attention in recent years. In this present study, we synthesized a nanobiocomposite using the red pigment R-phycoerythrin from the marine red algae Porphyridium purpureum and explored its anticancer potential. This vibrant red fluorescent pigment plays a crucial role as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Ag-ZnO nanobiocomposite was synthesized by green approach using phycoerythrin as a capping agent. The synthesized nanobiocomposite was characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FT-IR and SEM-EDX techniques. The obtained UV-Vis graph has confirmed the presence of Ag, Zn and phycoerythrin in the synthesized nanobiocomposite. The FT-IR showed the occurrence of Zn–O vibration peak along with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. The XRD results confirmed the crystalline nature and hexagonal shape of the nanobiocomposite. The overall effect of the synthesized phycoerythrin-Ag- ZnO nanobiocomposite was studied by MTT assay to check its anticancer applications. From the obtained results, the IC50 value was found to be 100 μg against MCF-7 cell line. This confirms that the synthesized phycoerythrin-Ag-ZnO nanobiocomposite inhibited the growth of MCF-7 cell line and thus can be efficiently used as a photosensitive drug for chemotherapy in future. Page(s): 393-399

Alpha-Tocopherol ameliorates arsenic induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats

Sat, 01 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Alpha-Tocopherol ameliorates arsenic induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats Authors: Mathur, Astha; Kumar, Navneet; Bunker, Suresh Kumar; John, Placheril Joseph Abstract: α-Tocopherol’s (Vitamin E) antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties may help reduce the progression of fibrosis in kidney by limiting tissue damage and inflammation induced by arsenic. Knowledge of the mechanisms of action of natural medicinal substances in arsenic toxicity will be improved by the analysis of the ameliorative effects of α-tocopherol. The goal of the current investigation was to determine whether Vitamin E can protect rats from nephrotoxicity caused by sodium arsenite (NaAsO2). Twenty-five Wistar rats were split into five groups viz: Group I with distilled water as control; Group II-IV with 8.4 (Low dose)/12.3 (Moderate dose)/16.4 mg/kg NaAsO2 (High dose); and Group V as in Gr. IV + 50 mg/kg ɑ-Tocopherol. Both the doses were administered orally to rats for 60 days. α-tocopherol decreased the concentration of serum parameters like urea nitrogen (UN) and creatinine (CRT) whereas increased the concentration of albumin (ALB), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) (P <0.05). In comparison to control group, the transcript levels of p53 were significantly higher in the LDG, MDG, and HDG rats, respectively, by ~0.7 fold, ~0.4 fold, and ~0.5 fold. Similar to this, p21 transcript levels were higher in LDG, MDG and HDG groups than in those from the control group by ~0.2 fold, ~0.4 fold and ~0.6 fold, respectively. Additionally, as compared to rats in the control group, the levels of p27 transcripts were decreased by ~0.5 fold, ~0.5 fold, and ~0.4 fold in the LDG, MDG, and HDG rat populations, respectively. Co-administration of α-tocopherol with NaAsO2 showed decreased mRNA expression of p53 and p21 followed by increased mRNA expression of p27. In this investigation, it was discovered that ɑ-tocopherol had a protective effect against renal damage brought on by NaAsO2. Page(s): 400-409

Superoxide dismutase and oxygen transport mechanism in endemic fish Delminichthys ghetaldii (Steindachner, 1882) under mild hypoxia

Sat, 01 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Superoxide dismutase and oxygen transport mechanism in endemic fish Delminichthys ghetaldii (Steindachner, 1882) under mild hypoxia Authors: Friščić, Jasna; Dekić, Radoslav; Ivanc, Aleksandar; Kukavica, Biljana Abstract: Hypoxia, a condition when dissolved oxygen (DO) drops down below 2 mg/L1, is one of the most common stressors in aquatic environment. Aquatic animals often overcome this condition with a combination of physiological, behavioural, biochemical and molecular responses. In the present study, we examined the effect of moderate hypoxia on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and oxygen transport mechanism in Delminichthys ghetaldii erythrocytes. Popovo minnow (Delminichthys ghetaldii) is an endemic cyprinid fish which inhabits springs and streams in fields Ljubomir, Dabar and Fatnica in B&H, and Bacina lakes in Croatia. During autumn and spring floods, Popovo minnows emerge from the underground waters to surface estavelle. Withdrawal of the water to the underground basins brings them back to their underground habitat. Fishes were collected in the flood plain of Fatnica field (430053″N; 181924″E). Following erythrocyte lineage parameters were measured: number of red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin concentration, Packed cell volume (PCV), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) and MCH (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin). Also, the characterization of the SOD from RBC is presented for the first time. Native PAGE resolved the presence of three CuZn SOD isoforms, while isoelectrofocusing revealed the presence of two anionic SOD isoforms with pI 3.4 and 3.5. Exposure to conditions of mild hypoxia induced changes in fish SOD activity, hemoglobin concentration and MCH. Results indicate Delminichthys ghetaldii responds to hypoxia by enhancement of the oxygen carrying capacity and triggering SOD activity. Page(s): 410-415