NOPR Collection:

Carbon nanotubes a promising new generation drug: A detailed journey in biochemical and biomedical fields

Sat, 01 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Carbon nanotubes a promising new generation drug: A detailed journey in biochemical and biomedical fields Authors: Garai, Somnath; Samanta, Shrabani; Patel, Kirti; Banik, Milon Abstract: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which are well known for their multipurpose uses and their place in nanotechnology have particularly received much attention. The present review paper aims to present a summary of the current state of knowledge regarding carbon nanotubes, their history, architecture, fabrication techniques and uses. CNTs were first discovered in 1991 and have been investigated for application in a broad range of industries because of their remarkable mechanical, electrical and thermal characteristics. The synthesis techniques including arc discharge, chemical vapor deposition, and laser ablation of CNTs have been further developed to optimise the quality and end use of the nanotubes. Moreover, the paper covers the antibacterial and antifungal activities of CNTs, as well as their mechanism of action based on evaluations of bacterial and fungal strains, the physical and chemical nature, and the extremely large surface area of CNTs, which is said to disrupt the cell membrane of microbes. Novelty on the surface modification in the past years has expanded the availability of biomedical application such as drug carriers and antibacterial layer. The review also considers the issues concerning the CNT dispersion and the environmental aspects related to the application of CNTs. This paper highlights the progress that has been made in the field of CNTs and these help to underpin the future of nanotechnology and materials science. Page(s): 1157-1186

Comprehensive in silico analysis of upstream sequences of TaNRT2 gene family of bread wheat: Unveiling effects of hormonal cross-talk on differential homeolog expressions of TaNRT2.1-6 under low nitrogen conditions

Sat, 01 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Comprehensive in silico analysis of upstream sequences of TaNRT2 gene family of bread wheat: Unveiling effects of hormonal cross-talk on differential homeolog expressions of TaNRT2.1-6 under low nitrogen conditions Authors: Kumar, Anuj; Shamnas V, Muhammed; Kumar Singh, Amit; Prakash Mishra, Gyan; Kumar Sinha, Subodh Abstract: Nitrate is one of the major nitrogen forms available in soil that are crucial for plant growth and development. This study employed multiple bioinformatics tools for a comprehensive in silico analysis of approximately 3 kb upstream regions of all TaNRT2 family genes, which encode members of high-affinity nitrate transporters (HATS) in wheat, retrieved from the Chinese Spring reference genome sequence. The analysis concentrated on identifying Cis-Regulatory Elements (CREs), Transcription Factor Binding Sites (TFBS), evolutionary relationships, tandem repeats, and CpG/CpNpG islands. Furthermore, transcript expression patterns were studied based on CREs of three homeologs of TaNRT2.1-6 in root and shoot tissues at the seedling stage under low nitrate conditions along with Gibberellic acid (GA3) and Salicylic acid (SA). The sequence analysis of 3 kb upstream sequence revealed varied types and occurrences of Cis-Regulatory Elements and Transcription Factor Binding Sites, predicting variations in nitrate-dependent gene expression. Key TFBS (LBD, GATA, NIN-like, Dof, MYB, NAC, MIKC_MADS, and bZIP), involved in growth regulation under low nitrogen conditions, were identified in all TaNRT2 promoters. The present study provides a detailed analysis of the TaNRT2 gene promoters in wheat, offering insights for designing future studies to understand regulatory mechanisms underlying wheat’s N-responsive growth responses. Page(s): 1187-1197

Predictive analysis of structural interaction among HIV-1 proteins and Class I MHC molecule: A computational approach for therapeutic target

Sat, 01 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Predictive analysis of structural interaction among HIV-1 proteins and Class I MHC molecule: A computational approach for therapeutic target Authors: Bhaduri, Ankita; Biswas, Balaka; Dey, Soumyadeep; Saha, Mousumi; Sarkar, Agniswar Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) remains a significant global health challenge because it can impair the host’s immune system and establish long-lasting infections. HIV-1 evades immune detection by modulating major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules, which are essential for presenting viral antigens to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). The specific molecular interactions involved in this process remain unclear, which poses a challenge for the advancement of targeted therapies. In this study, we employed a systematic computational approach to explore the structural relationships between selected HIV-1 accessory proteins (nef, tat, rev,vpu) and human MHC-I molecules. Analyses included protein sequences evaluation to identify conserved domains and structural motifs, as well as prediction of secondary structures, transmembrane topology, and 3D-modelling for prediction of potential interaction sites. Structural alignments and molecular docking simulations demonstrated substantial conformational compatibility between HIV-1 proteins and MHC-I molecules, particularly in regions critical for immune modulation. The outcomes of this research provide novel insights into the structural mechanisms that underpin HIV-1-mediated immune evasion. This study identifies protein interfaces and conserved motifs related to MHC-I interference, providing insight for designing antiviral strategies to improve immune recognition and control viral persistence Page(s): 1198-1210

Integrating network pharmacology and molecular docking to assess Catharanthus roseus as a natural alternative for leukemia therapy

Sat, 01 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Integrating network pharmacology and molecular docking to assess Catharanthus roseus as a natural alternative for leukemia therapy Authors: Farid, Muhammad; Al Madury, Shalahuddin; Suriyadi Muslim, Ahmad; Qurrotul, Zakiyyah Abstract: Leukemia is a cancer caused by abnormal proliferation of leukocyte cells. Conventional treatments, although effective, often cause serious side effects. This study aims to explore the potential of Catharanthus roseus as an alternative therapy for leukemia using network pharmacology and molecular docking approaches. The active compounds of this plant were analyzed and mapped against leukemia biological targets using the PubChem, GeneCards, and KEGG databases. The interaction of compounds with targets was further analyzed through network visualization using Cytoscape and interaction validation was carried out using the molecular docking method using AutoDock4 software. Based on the target search results, 132 targets were found that were relevant to leukemia. PPI analysis showed a relationship between mTOR, HSP90AB1, and MAPK1 proteins with leukemia. Validation of the docking method showed good interaction between active compounds and targets, with an RMSD value of <2 Å. Docking simulations revealed that vindoline has good target binding energies. These results indicate the potential of Catharanthus roseus compounds as leukemia therapies, especially vindoline, which shows optimal interaction with key targets. Page(s): 1211-1219