http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/67034 Tue, 13 Oct 2026 04:54:45 GMT 2026-10-13T04:54:45Z https://http://nopr.niscpr.res.in:443/retrieve/198484/IJEB-Ocober-25-Front Cover.jpg http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/67034 http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/67043 Title: Homocysteine induced upregulation of cell surface molecules in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and U937 monocyte like cells Authors: ELMA, Yusuf; Özel TEKİN, İshak; SOLAK, Nilgun; Hakan SİPAHİ, Tunç; YILMAZ CAN, Emine Abstract: Hyperhomocysteinemia is recognised as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis; however, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The chemotaxis and accumulation of leukocytes, including monocytes and T cells, are critical events in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of homocysteine (Hcy) on activation markers in lymphocytes and monocytes by analysing cell surface molecules using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and U937 monocyte like cells. Flow cytometry was employed to assess the expression of CD3, CD11a, CD27, CD45, and HLA-DR in peripheral blood lymphocytes, as well as CD11a, CD11c, CD14, CD45, CD63, CD71, HLA-DR, and ICAM-1 (CD54) in peripheral blood monocytes following a 24-hour incubation with Hcy at concentrations of 5, 25, and 50 μg/mL. In addition, CD71 and ICAM-1 expression was evaluated in U937 cells after exposure to Hcy at 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL. Treatment of PBMCs with Hcy resulted in a dose-dependent increase in CD11a,CD45, and HLA-DR expression on both lymphocytes and monocytes. Additionally, CD3 and CD27 were upregulated in lymphocytes, while CD11c, CD14, CD63, CD71, and ICAM-1 were upregulated in monocytes. Similarly, exposure of U937 cells to Hcy led to a significant, dose-dependent increase in CD71 and ICAM-1 expression. Homocysteine significantly enhances the expression of cell surface molecules involved in activation, inflammation, antigen presentation, and leukocyte extravasation in lymphocytes and monocytes. These findings suggest that homocysteine-induced activation of immune cells could play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory conditions such as atherosclerosis. Page(s): 799-807 Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/67043 2025-10-01T00:00:00Z http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/67042 Title: Ashwagandha attenuates organ oxidative stress and inflammation in tramadol treated and withdrawal rats Authors: M S Arafa, Nadia; S H Ahmed, Shimaa; G Hegazy, Hoda; H A Ali, Elham Abstract: This study investigated the ameliorative effects of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera, ASH) on liver and kidney function, brain oxidative stress, and proinflammatory cytokines in rats subjected to tramadol (TRE) treatment and withdrawal regime. Two main rat groups: Group A (Treatment) were orally treated for 6 weeks, Control (0.5%CMC), ASH (200 mg/kg), TRE (40 mg/kg), and TRE+ASH groups. Group B (Withdrawal), were orally treated for ten weeks, Control, ASH (CMC six weeks followed by ASH four weeks), TRE (increasing doses, 40, 80 then 120 mg/kg/day for six weeks followed by CMC four weeks), and TRE+ASH (TRE increasing doses six weeks followed by ASH four weeks). The TRE+ASH groups showed a significant improvement compared to TRE treated and withdrawal groups. That includes reduction in AST, ALT, urea, and creatinine values indicating improved liver and kidney functions. Also, the brain cortex and brainstem tissues revealed enhanced antioxidant defence (CAT, GST, GPX, GSH and TAC) and reduced oxidative stress markers (NO and MDA). In addition, the proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) in cortex were significantly (P ≤0.05) reduced by ASH supplementation. These results suggest ASH supplementation ameliorates the liver and kidney functions, oxidative brain damage and neuroinflammation during both treatment and withdrawal of TRE. Page(s): 808-818 Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/67042 2025-10-01T00:00:00Z http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/67041 Title: Evaluation of combined efficacy of Astragalus extract, vitamin E, and selenium on lead induced toxicity and apoptosis in rat ovaries Authors: ŞAHİN, Mahmut; KURT, Begum; KARA, Haki; Serhat KUMRU, Alper; YILMAZ, Gökhan; OZKARACA, Mustafa Abstract: Lead (Pb), a pervasive environmental pollutant, has been linked to various reproductive health issues, including infertility and hormonal imbalances. Species of Astragalus, renowned for their antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties, may mitigate these adverse effects by promoting folliculogenesis and restoring hormone levels disrupted by Pb exposure. In this study, the protective potential of astragalus polysaccharides (APS) against lead induced ovarian toxicity was investigated, both when administered alone and in combination with vitamin E and selenium. The aim was to determine whether the observed protective effects are linked to the antioxidant capacity of APS, and to explore the possible contribution of its anti-apoptotic properties. Thirty-six female Wistar rats (220-250 g) were divided into treatment groups and administered lead, APS, vitamin E, and selenium for a duration of 15 days. Estradiol, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and antioxidant levels were measured at the end of the study. Additionally, ovarian tissue damage and apoptosis were assessed through immunohistochemistry. The results indicated that Pb induced reductions in hormone levels were significantly restored to near control levels in the APS treated groups. Moreover, antioxidant levels were notably elevated in these groups. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a significant reduction in stromal and follicular degeneration in the ovaries of rats treated with APS. In conclusion, APS, both independently and in combination with vitamin E and selenium, exhibited substantial protective effects against Pb induced ovarian toxicity. Page(s): 819-828 Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/67041 2025-10-01T00:00:00Z http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/67040 Title: Antigenotoxic properties of extracts of representatives of the genus Monarda introduced in the Urals Authors: Antosyuk, O; Kostenko, V; Bobkov, Y; Bolotnik, E Abstract: Due to the fact that many antitumor drugs have genotoxicity, the aim of the study was to evaluate the antigenotoxic properties of extracts of the genus Monarda representatives using the Drosophila melanogaster model organism as an example. High IDC (Index of DNA-Comets) characterizes 0, 1% extracts of M. fistulosa var. fistulosa and M. fistulosa var. menthifolia when used both individually and together with etoposide. Whereas the extract of Monarda fistulosa var. media shows antigenotoxic properties by reducing the IDC and showing a unidirectional hypoexpressive effect relative to the sqh gene. Thus, the extract of Monarda fistulosa var. media is the most suitable protector against the effects of the anticancer drug etoposide. Page(s): 829-835 Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/67040 2025-10-01T00:00:00Z