<i style="">In situ </i>bismuth film modified carbon fiber microelectrode for nanomolar detection of cadmium and lead

Abstract

<i style="">In situ</i> bismuth film modified carbon fiber microelectrode is reported for sensitive detection of Cd(II) and Pb(II) in 0.1 <i style="">M</i> acetate buffer solution of <i style="">p</i>H 4.5. As compared to the unmodified electrode, <i style="">in situ</i> bismuth modification improves the detection limit at nanomolar level for individual as well as simultaneous detection of Cd(II) and Pb(II).Electroanalysis carried out using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry shows linear response over the 50-500 n<i style="">M</i> range. The minimum detection limits are not affected for the individual and simultaneous metal detection. Using the standard addition method, cadmium and lead have been detected in tap water samples successfully.