Nucleation studies in supersaturated aqueous solutions of urea and urea nitrate doped with organic dopants

Abstract

<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";="" mso-fareast-font-family:calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#1a1a1a;="" mso-ansi-language:en-in;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">In<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:="" calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:en-in;mso-fareast-language:="" en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">duction periods have been measured for various supersaturated aqueous solutions of urea doped with urea nitrate and urea oxalate separately and urea nitrate doped with thiourea and urea oxalate separately by the direct vision method. Nucleation is promoted by both the dopants in the case of urea. In the case of urea nitrate thiourea doping promoted nucleation while urea oxalate doping inhibited it. The critical nucleation parameters increase with increase in doping concentration of the urea solutions and thiourea doping concentration of the urea nitrate solutions while they decrease with the increase in concentration of urea oxalate doping in the urea nitrate solutions.</span></span>