Impedance spectroscopy analysis of (Pb₀․₉₃Gd₀․₀₇)(Sn₀․₄₅Ti₀․₅₅)₀․₉₈₂₅O₃ ferroelectrics

Abstract

The sample of (Pb₀․₉₃Gd₀․₀₇)(Sn₀․₄₅Ti₀․₅₅)₀․₉₈₂₅O₃ is prepared by a standard mixed oxide method. The prepared powder has been analyzed by XRD, and it is found to have tetragonal structure. The impedance spectrum analysis of (Pb₀․₉₃Gd₀․₀₇)(Sn₀․₄₅Ti₀․₅₅)₀․₉₈₂₅O₃ compound exhibits the appearance of single semicircular arc whose radii decreases gradually with increase in temperature. The bulk resistance at 425, 450, 475 and 500oC are found to be 325, 200, 130, 70 k Ω respectively. Nyquist plots (Z// versus Z/) show the dominance of grain contribution, which allows the determination of relaxation frequency. The activation energy, calculated from the slope of lnτ versus 10³/T plot, is found to be the nearly same as calculated from ac conductivity. The room temperature ac conductivity at 10 kHz lies in the range of 10⁻⁵-10⁻⁶ (ohm⁻¹m⁻¹).