Synthesis of nano-BaTiO₃ by liquid-state methods

Abstract

Nano-BaTiO₃ powder has been synthesized with TiCl4 and Ba(OH)₂ by different liquid-state (atmospheric, hydrothermal and microwave) methods. Its phase, shape and capacity have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering and LCR data. XRD pattern of the series of the nanometer powders demonstrates that BaTiO₃ has cubic structure. TEM shows that the products have a shape of uniform, substantially spherical particles. Powder synthesized by microwave method has the least grain size, the lowest sintering temperature, and the best dielectric capacity. Microwave method requires less reaction time, little grain size, and narrow grain size distribution.