Orchid Cultivation in Himachal Pradesh-Problems and Possibilities

Abstract

Orchids are perhaps the world's most beautiful flowers because of large variations in shapes and sizes. Except for Antarctica, these are found everywhere in all types of climates. These have been described as medicinal and ornamental plants in Indian literature. Orchids worth millions of dollars are being exported from countries like Malaysia,

Singapore, Thailand, Phillipines, Sri Lanka and Inelonesia. Orchid seeds are microscopic and generally lack endosperm and, therefore, require a specific mycorrhiza for their germination and development. Normally, only 0.2-0.3% of the seeds germinate in nature. Tissue culture techniques are being effectively used for increased germination and through green food culture, the life cycle also gets reduced considerably. A large number of orchid species are found in almost all parts of India and taking advantage of congenial agro-climatic conditions, orchid growing and export can become a major foreign exchanger earner. Himachal Pradesh also has its own ecological niches most suitable for exotic orchids and its proximity to the major markets can prove highly beneficial.