Defluoridation and empirical models in column studies using fishbone charcoal

Abstract

<span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:" calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;="" mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;="" mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">Column bed adsorption studies have been carried out to study the fluoride removal on fishbone charcoal, and to determine the effects of the various operating variables. The useful (or effective) treated effluent volume (corresponding to the desired breakthrough concentration of 1.0 mg/L of fluoride) is found to be a function of the effluent flow rate, initial solute concentration and column bed depth. The useful treated effluent volume decreased with an increase in the flow rate and initial fluoride concentration, but it increased with the column bed depth. Empirical relationships have been developed to predict the stated useful treated effluent volume for the known values of flow rate, column bed depth and initial fluoride concentration for the observed test conditions. The relationships evolved manifest high correlation coefficients. The studies are useful in small installations.</span>