<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-MY;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language: HI" lang="EN-MY">Medicinal plants of sandy shores: A short review on <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Vitex trifolia </i>L. and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Ipomoea pes-caprae</i> <span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-GB">(L.) R. Br.</span></span>

Abstract

<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:="" mangal;mso-ansi-language:en-gb;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" hi"="" lang="EN-GB">Two plant species of sandy shores, namely, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Vitex trifolia</i> L. (Beach vitex) and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Ipomoea pes-caprae</i> (L.) R. Br. (Beach morning glory), have been selected for review. Both species have ethno-pharmacological relevance and have been traditionally utilised by local people in remedies for various ailments. <span style="mso-bidi-font-style:italic">Endowed with diterpenes and flavonoids as major constituents, <i>V. trifolia</i> has trypanocidal, antimicrobial, anti-quorum sensing, mosquito <span style="mso-bidi-font-style:italic">larvicidal and repelling, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, vascular relaxation, antimalarial, trachea-spasmolytic, wound healing, estrogenic, antinociceptive, anti-tubercular, anthelmintic, molluscidal, and mice repelling properties. It is noteworthy that casticin or vitexicarpin isolated from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">V. trifolia</i> displays potent cytotoxicity against a wide range of cancer cell lines <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">via</i> different modes of molecular action. <span style="mso-bidi-font-style:italic">Chemical constituents of <i>I. pes-caprae</i> include resin glycosides, flavonoids and phenolic acids. It exhibits antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antispasmodic, insulinogenic, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-collagenase and immuno-stimulatory activities. With an increasing number of people being stung by jellyfish while swimming in the sea of Thailand, clinical trials have been conducted to test the efficacy of <i>I. pes-caprae</i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style:italic"> extracts in treating jellyfish dermatitis.</span></span></span></span></span>