Zootherapy: A study from the Northwestern region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan

Abstract

This paper provides an overview of the traditional uses of animal species and their derivatives in traditional folk medicine from Tabuk area located at the North western region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Potential implications for conservation of species used are also discussed, as several species used in folk medicine are threatened for extinction. We conducted interviews with local communities, hunters and druggist to collect information on various species of animals or their derivatives used and the remedies prepared from them. Results showed that at least 22 taxonomic orders of animals (13 vertebrates and 9 invertebrates) are used for medicinal purposes. In addition, 28 categories of raw materials that formed the basis of traditional medicine were also prescribed for treating locally diagnosed aliments. This survey is important as it defines species of animals used in folk medicine, from a region which is insufficiently studied. Although the extent of traditional folk medicine is still in debate, but their conservation management should be addressed, as an indiscriminate use of these animal species may contribute in decrease of their populations, especially in case of carnivores.