Effect of magnetic declination on refractive index and wave polarization coefficients of electromagnetic waves in mid-latitude ionosphere

Abstract

General forms `of conductivity tensor, refractive index and wave polarization coefficients for ionospheric plasma are developed by including the magnetic declination is included, while they are pure imaginary in the absence of declination. The declination effect on the real parts of the polarization coefficients is more pronounced around plasma frequency than at other frequencies. However, the imaginary parts and refractive index are not affected at the plasma frequency.