Techniques of Reduction of Ionograms to True Height-Electron Density Profiles

Abstract

A survey is made of techniques developed for reduction of ionograms (both bottom side and topside) to true height-electron density profiles. Emphasis is laid on the' low ionization: and ‘valley-problem with bottom side ionograms. No, particular attempt is made to cover all the literature on the subject. Effort is made instead to project the various aspects and to help readers in allied areas to look up the relevant literature from the references cited. Mathematical relations that may be useful for writing a simple programme for a not-too-sophisticated electronic computer are appended.