Availability and functionality of omega-3 in diversified marine algae

Abstract

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as n-3 and n-6 fatty acids are essential nutrients which cannot be synthesized by mammals, or only to a limited extent. Therefore, they must be ingested via dietary sources. In general, it is vital to maintain an appropriate balance of n-3 and n-6 in the diet as these fatty acids work together to promote health. The n-3 fatty acids have been recognized to exhibit not only anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, but also exhibit anti-cancer activity, thus contributing their beneficial cardiac effects. For human consumption, current major sources of marine n-3 omega fatty acids such as eicosapentanoeic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) include include salmon, mullet and mackerel. However, at the global scale, algal-based omega-3 fatty acids for human better health have been well exploited whereas salmon based or other fish-based omega-3 consumption is avoided due religious boundaries. This review explains the updates and beneficial effects of algal based omega-3 fatty acids for human health and their better effects than other omega-3 products.