Correlation between bioacumulated phytocompounds and bioactivities in <em>Nasutitermes macrocephalus</em> (Silvestri, 1903) (Isoptera: Termitidae) and its nest extracts against multi-resistant bacterial strains

Abstract

Termites are among the species most commonly used in folk medicine in various locations worldwide. Of these, <em>Nasutitermes</em> <em>macrocephalus</em> is often used in the treatment of various diseases that affect humans, however, with no supporting scientific evidence. From this perspective, this study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity and modulating effect of bacterial resistance of <em>N. macrocephalus</em> and its nest extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antimicrobial agents used in clinical practice is determined in the presence and absence of the ethanol extract of <em>N. macrocephalus</em> and its nest in a subinhibitory concentration (125 &micro;g/mL) against multi-resistant strains of <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Staphylococcus</em> <em>aureus</em>. The extract showed no significant antimicrobial activity (MIC &gt; 1000 &micro;g/mL). However, there was a considerable reduction in MIC of antimicrobials when combined with the extract, especially erythromycin, ampicillin and gentamicin. The results indicate that <em>N. macrocephalus</em> and its nest are a promising source of substances that can be used in combating multi-drug-resistant bacteria. Additional studies are needed to identify the active components responsible for such activity.