Diversity, distribution pattern, endemism and indigenous uses of wild edible plants in Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve of Indian Trans Himalaya

Abstract

Wild edible plants form an important source as a supplement/substitute food in times of scarcity for native communities. Use of wild plants as a food source is an integral part of the culture of tribal people. Therefore, the present study has been conducted in Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve (CDBR) of Trans Himalaya to; (i) assess the diversity and distribution pattern of wild edible plants; (ii) analyze for nativity and endemism; (iii) assess the indigenous uses and traditional practices; (iv) document the nutritional content of selected wild edible plants; and (v) suggest suitable management options. Total 91 wild edible plants, representing 64 genera and 31 families were recorded. Of these, 35 species were native, 02 species endemic and 19 species were near endemic. Various plant parts such as leaves (46 spp.), stems/shoots (18 spp.), fruits (17 spp.), etc., were eaten raw, roasted, boiled and cooked. The nutritional value of some of the wild edibles competes with the cultivated crops and vegetables. Therefore, to ensure the food security in the remote areas, there is a need to assess the populations of these species using quadrate method; develop conventional and <em>in vitro</em> propagation protocols for mass multiplication and their conservation in the <em>in situ </em> and <em>ex situ </em> conditions; and create awareness among the local inhabitants about the food value of these plants.