Hydroxyacetamide derivatives: Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, antioxidative and metal chelating studies

Abstract

Cancer is one of the most life threatening noncommunicable diseases of mankind. In India, it has been estimated to have have caused 8.8 lakh deaths in 2016 alone, and 1.74 million more people are expected to be affected by 2020. Considerable research has gone into curing cancer including drugs based hydroxyacetamide derivatives. In the present study, we studied the cytotoxic, genotoxic, antioxidative and metal chelating activity of the synthesized hydroxyacetamide derivatives. We did brine shrimp lethality assay to examine cell toxicity effect, <em>Allium cepa</em> root tip genotoxicity assay to identify <em>in vitro </em> mutagenicity on mitotic cells, DPPH scavenging activity to measure its antioxidative property and metal chelating activity was used to synchronize the receptor enactment of the hydroxyacetamide subordinates.and histone deacetylase was a metalloenzyme, so Brine shrimp lethality assay of hydroxyacetamide derivatives (FP1-FP12) demonstrated that that best activity was exhibited by FP2 with 7.7 µg/mL in comparison to standard K₂Cr₂O₇ with 13.83 µg/mL. As per Meyer theory, all the synthesized molecules were cytotoxic in nature. Genotoxicity study by <em>Alium cepa </em> assay demonstrated that chromosomal aberrations were seen in all phases of mitosis and FP1, FP4, FP5, FP11, FP12 data showed statistically significant as compared to the standard cyclophosphamide. Amongst them, FP10 showed the best % mitotic index with various chromosomal disorders such as C-mitosis, chromosomal bridge and sticky chromosome. Antioxidant studies were performed by DPPH free radical scavenging, reducing power assay and metal chelating ability. All the synthesized molecules indicated better reducing property and FP4 was the best molecule with free radical scavenging property in comparison to the standard ascorbic acid. FP4 showed better metal chelating activity as compared to standard EDTA. As per the outcomes, the synthesized molecules can be utilized as a better anticancer molecule to treat cancer.