Antimetastatic, superoxide anion and nitric oxide reduction potential of <em>Solanum xanthocarpum</em> on human lung cancer cell line A549

Abstract

<em>Solanum xanthocarpum</em> Schrad. & H. Wendl is a prickly herb, extensively known for its medicinal properties across the tribal and rural parts of India. Its efficacy in lung disorders and related respiratory diseases is well established in <em>Ayurveda</em>. In present time, cancer is considered as a significant challenge and metastasis is the most devastating hallmark in cancer progression. The present study evaluates the effects of whole plant and root of <em>S. xanthocarpum</em> on highly metastatic human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. Extracts were prepared using ethyl acetate and chloroform in various dilutions. Cytotoxicity of the plant and root extracts was analyzed. Wound healing assay was employed to check the effects on migration of highly metastatic A549 cells. Moreover, plants effects on cellular superoxide anion O<img src='http://www.niscair.res.in/jinfo/twobar.gif' border=0> and nitric oxide (NO) quantities were evaluated to check effects on the redox regulation of the cell. All the extracts of <em>Solanum xanthocarpum</em> are not cytotoxic. However, all the extracts efficiently inhibit migration of A549 cells. The whole plant in ethyl acetate treatment shows a three-fold decrease in wound healing capacity of the cells. Ethyl acetate extracts of the plant show potential inhibition of NO <img src='http://www.niscair.res.in/jinfo/twobar.gif' border=0> and all the extracts show decreased levels of O<img src='http://www.niscair.res.in/jinfo/twobar.gif' border=0> at higher concentrations.