An investigation on the conversion of functional materials of fish bones as waste products using surface modification methods

Abstract

In this study, fish bones as a waste product in fish industry was investigated whether it is suitable to chemical modification. The surface modification on the surfaces of boneparticles was made on two step usingsilanization and schiff base reaction.In brief, the fish bones were cleaned in order to make them ready for chemical proceeding. Chemical modifications were performed on the surface of fish bone particles. Firstly, free amine (-NH₂) group was obtained in molecule by silanization of the surfaces of fish bones with 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (S₁). Afterwards, amine groups that exist on the surface of bones were reacted with 2-ethyl-2<em>H</em>-pyrazole-3-carbaldehyde (B₅) that includes aldehyde groups. The materials gained were analysed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy - energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and zeta for their potency. In SEM-EDS analysis, the band of silicon (Si) and nitrogen (N) elements of molecules modified can be clearly seen. Bruanaver Emmet Teller (BET) surface areas of the materials acquired were investigated. BET surface area of the unprocessed apatite is 5.6 m²/g and the surface area of apatite modified with B₅ is 1, 8 m²/g. The amount of B₅ bonded on the surface of bone is calculated as 164 µmol/g. According to the results, it can be said that waste fish bones are applicable for chemical processing and they can be used in various fields.