<em>Chakhao</em> (Black Rice;<em> Oryza sativa </em>L<em>.</em>): A culturally important and stress <em>tolerant</em> traditional rice variety of Manipur

Abstract

<em>Chakhao</em> (Black rice; <em>Oryza sativa</em> L.) is one of the lesser known traditional rice varieties of Manipur which provides not only nutraceutical benefits, but also plays a significant role in socio-cultural practices of the local <em>Meitei</em> community. This paper describes indigenous agro-ecological knowledge and socio-cultural practices of <em>Meitei</em> farmers associated with black rice cultivation. A total of 72 knowledge holders were identified through chain referrals method in three representative villages in Imphal East district of Manipur. Semi-directive interview and group discussion methods were employed for documentation of their knowledge and socio-cultural practices. In all four black rice landraces (viz., <em>Chakhao poireiton</em>, <em>Chakhao angouba</em>, <em>Chakhao amubi</em> and <em>Chakhao pungdol amubi</em>) were recorded in the study area. About 57 % of the farmers in the study area cultivated black rice in < 10 % of their land holdings. According to the farmers all these landraces of black rice are relatively stress tolerant and disease resistant and require less care and energy inputs. Black rice is used in different religio-cultural feasts and rituals of <em>Meiteis</em>. Beside it is also used as a medicine for diabetic patients and traditionally given to pregnant women. Cultural practices of <em>Meiteis</em> help conserving the agro-biodiversity in the study area.