Role of nanomaterials in catalytic reduction of organic pollutants

Abstract

Developing innovative technologies for the effective treatment of wastewater containing organic pollutants is of extreme importance across the globe. The organic pollutants such as dyes and nitrophenols are the common hazardous pollutants known for their adverse effects on humans and aquatic organisms. Various methods have been used for the removal of organic pollutants from wastewater but they suffer limitations such as high cost, time consuming removal process and production of sludge or toxic by-products. In recent years, chemical reduction method is becoming popular for removal of organic pollutants using various nanomaterials as catalysts. Nanomaterials show great potential for removal of organic pollutants due to large surface area which provides high catalytic activity. In the present review, current studies on catalytic reduction of organic pollutants (dyes and nitrophenols) using four different types of nanomaterials specifically carbon nanotubes, silica, metal oxide and chitosan polymer based have been explored. The factors affecting the catalytic process and mechanism of catalysis is explained in detail.In addition, a critical discussion about the pros and cons of each nano-catalyst have also been included for developing better understanding of the choice of catalyst.