Thar: Decreasing biodiversity, increasing desertification

Abstract

Thar Desert, also known as the 'Great Indian Desert' is the world's 17th largest and 9th largest undulating desert covered with sand dunes. It covers about 4.5% of the total geographical area of India. Almost every plant found in this area has various human useful importance from the medicinal and religious point of view. Ancient rural livelihood knowledge systems reflect time-tested techno-scientific knowledge with a proven track record of sustainability, especially during natural hazards, such as drought and famine. However, traditional cultural and socio-religious values are rapidly declining under the influence of the desert ecosystem, materialistic outlook, industrialization and development. The grasslands and rare biodiversity of the Aravalli region have slowly reached the verge of extinction, by the end of which the mountain will be left with only a structure of stones and rocks. To understand the reasons for the rapid expansion of this desert, the present study discusses the disparities in the vegetation of different parts of Rajasthan. Also, programs conducted from time to time by the Central / State Governments to prevent desertification and conserve forests are marked. All of these will contribute in understanding the history of desertification in India and identifying appropriate counter measures.