Efficient and green approach for the synthesis of indolyl-pyrimidine derivatives and investigation of biological assays

Abstract

The present study reports the synthesis of biologically active chalcones 3a–d and indolyl-pyrimidine derivatives 5a–d. The newly synthesized compounds have been characterized using physicochemical techniques, including melting point determination, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and spectral methods such as infrared (IR) spectroscopy, 1H and 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry. This synthetic approach is advantageous due to its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and mild reaction conditions. Among the synthesized compounds, compounds 3d and 5b exhibit notable radical scavenging activity (RSA) at a concentration of 25 μg/mL, compounds 3a, 3c, 3d, 5b and 5c show good RSA at 75 μg/mL. 5c exhibits good RSA at concentration of 50 μg/mL. Compound 3a shows best result at a concentration of 75 μg/mL. Compound 3b demonstrates potent activity with an MIC of 62.5 μg/mL against Escherichia coli (MTCC-723) and equipotent activity (125μg/mL) against all other tested bacteria. Compound 3a shows potent activity (62.5μg/mL) against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-29513). 3a exhibits potent activity (62.5 μg/mL) against Aspergillus niger (MTCC-281). Compound 3a exhibits excellent activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv, with an MIC of 3.125 μg/mL, which is comparable to the standard drugs Pyrazinamide (MIC 3.125 μg/mL) and superior to Streptomycin (MIC 6.25 μg/mL). Compounds 3d and 5c shows good activity with MIC values of 6.25 μg/mL against M. tuberculosis H37Rv.