Exploring the performance of three stage SPM-based regenerative wavelength conversion using HNLF

Abstract

In this work, the effectiveness of three-stage highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF)-based self-phase modulation (SPM) regeneration wavelength conversion has been examined. Through the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE), nonlinear optical effects in fiber have been explored, which has been important to comprehend SPM-based conversion. In addition, mathematical exploration has been done on the principles of wavelength conversion, which have been mainly controlled by four-wave mixing (FWM), SPM, and cross-phase modulation (XPM). This work has offered the theoretical underpinnings of SPM-based wavelength conversion. We have investigated the features of HNLF, have delved into the architecture of the suggested threestage conversion system, and have examined performance measures including optical power spectrum, RF spectrum quality factor (Q) and bit error rate (BER) in relation with bit rate (Gb/s). In the realm of regenerative wavelength conversion, this study has unveiled a spectrum of quality factor (Q) values across three consecutive stages, each associated with specific data rates. At a bit rate of 60 Gb/s, the quality factor at the first, second, and third stages for a 100 km length of HNLF has been achieved 19.36 dB, 19.39 dB, and 19.41dB. Additionally, realized quality factor at first, second, and third stages for a 50 km length of HNLF at a bit rate of 60 GB/s has been found as 24.96 dB, 25.26 dB, and 25.41 dB. It has been concluded from the findings that at each stage, bit error rate has reduced and quality factor has increased due to parallel combinations of OBPFs and 3R regeneration. The results have exquisitely highlighted the complex interaction between the number of stages used, HNLF length, and data rate for accomplishing optimal wavelength conversion of an optical signal from 1545 nm to 1555 nm.