Synthesis, anticancer evaluation, and molecular docking studies of vanillin-2,4-thiazolidinedione-triazole hybrid analogues

Abstract

Ten novel vanillin-2,4-thiazolidinedione-triazole hybrid analogues have been synthesized via Knoevenagel condensation and 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. These have been tested for in vitro anticancer activity against various human cancer cell lines, including MDA-MB 231, MCF-7, A549, and FaDU. Compound 7f (flouro and bromo substituted) shows notable inhibition of MDA-MB 231 (50.61%; IC30: 21.98 μm), while compound 7i (di-flouro substituted) significantly inhibits FaDU (52.08%; IC30: 23.57 μm). In silico studies demonstrate that 7f and 7i have strong binding affinity with SDH (–16.7, –16.5), BCL-2 (–13.7, –13.7), BCL-XL (–16.2, –16.9) and BCL-W (–17.8, –17.7). These results suggest that such hybrid heterocyclic systems might be promising candidates for new anticancer therapies.