Genetic diversity assessment of indigenous mango (Mangifera indica L.) germplasm

Abstract

The study focused on genetic diversity valuation of mango (Mangifera indica L.) genetic resources available in subtropical conditions of Malihabad region of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Among the 21 indigenous germplasm of Malihabad region assessed; Amin and Munjjar Aamin exhibited superior fruit yield (168.13±13.52 kg/tree and 250.21±15.04 kg/tree, respectively), signifying their adaptableness to the subtropical regions. The TSS (21.15±0.45°B) was higher in Taimuriya, acidity (0.43±0.05%) was in Gol Bhadaiyaa, ascorbic acid (33.9±1.2 mg/100 g) content in Aamin Abdul Ahad Khan, total sugars (18.1±0.14%) in Matka Gola, reducing sugar (6.5±0.52%) in August, total phenol (130.95±24.7 mg/100 g GAE) in Aamin Tehsil, and non-reducing sugar (12.7±0.42%) in Heere Hayat revealing the potential or superiority of indigenous mango germplasm for different biochemical parameters. Correlation studies on fruit physical, biochemical and yield attributes have provided in-depth knowledge and their interrelations. Fruit weight (g) showed a positive Pearson‘s correlation coefficient with fruit length (cm), fruit width (cm), fruit yield (kg/tree), pulp percentage (%), TSS (°B), acidity (%) and total sugar contents (%). Fruit yield was also correlated positively with biochemical parameters like total phenol (mg/100 g), acidity (%), ascorbic acid (mg/100 g), and TSS acid ratio. Principal Component Analysis revealed two principal components (PCs); PC-1 elucidated 35.1% variability, while PC-2 explicated 13.4%. This research identified Munjjar Aamin and Aamin as promising type that can be commercially multiplied for large scale cultivation in subtropical regions and further utilized in mango breeding in subtropics for the development of good quality, high yielding and climate-resilient mangos