Antimicrobial Activities of Lipoxazolidinone A Purified from Lactobacillus apis YMP3 against Various Infant Diarrheal Pathogens and its Cytotoxicity against Normal Mammalian Cells

Abstract

Infant diarrheal infections continue as one of the critical challenges of global health issues, demanding the development of safe therapeutic solutions; hence, this study was performed. This study explores the antimicrobial potential of lipoxazolidinone A against various infant diarrheal infectious pathogens and its cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. As reported earlier in our studies, this compound was produced and purified from a probiotic Lactobacillus apis YMP3. The antimicrobial study was performed in this study against a panel of 12 clinical bacterial pathogens causing infant diarrheal infections, collected from the Thanjavur Government Medical College, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India. The purified lipoxazolidinone A showed appreciable antimicrobial activities against seven pathogens viz., Vibrio cholerae, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Vibrio vulnificus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella paratyphi, at the minimum inhibitory concentration of 100, 125, 150, 150, 150, 175, and 200 μg/ml, respectively, and the remaining five pathogens, viz., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella oxytoca, Shigella dysenteriae, and Shigella boydii, revealed partial growth inhibition of 73, 56, 37, 27 and 21% at the highest tested concentration (200 μg/ml), respectively. The cytotoxicity studies of lipoxazolidinone A using two normal mammalian cell line cultures, viz., primary mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (NIH/3T3) and Madin-Darby Canine kidney cells (MDCK), evidenced negligible toxicity till 400 μg/ml. These findings reveal that lipoxazolidinone A is a promising antimicrobial candidate, proving its appreciable inhibitions against pathogenic bacteria and nontoxicity towards mammalian cells. The mammalian cell-safe antimicrobial activities of lipoxazolidinone A suggest futuristic research for the potential drug development in treating many infant gastrointestinal infections