Harnessing the potential of underutilised Buchanania lanzan Spreng.: Review on processing, nutrition, and applications

Abstract

Buchanania lanzan Spreng., known as chironji, is an underutilised tree species native to the Indian subcontinent. This species is primarily recognised for its edible seeds. The seeds are rich in proteins (19–21.6%), fats (59.1%), carbohydrates (12.1%), minerals, and vitamins. These are also a valuable source of dietary energy and are utilised in various traditional foods and as energy bars. It is also known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities, making it an important source in traditional medicine. The significance of B. lanzan extends beyond its consumption and traditional dishes. Its seeds are used in the production of edible oils, and its gum and bark find various industrial applications, including cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Despite these benefits, the species faces considerable threats due to deforestation, lack of efficient harvesting techniques, and inadequate awareness regarding its diverse uses. Promoting the conservation, cultivation, and sustainable use of wild B. lanzan can significantly contribute to food security, livelihoods, and the economy, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. This review examines the multifaceted role of the traditional B. lanzan tree in enhancing nutritional diversity, providing therapeutic benefits, and its potential to drive economic development.