Electrification and its influence on trip rates and vehicle choice in urban freight - Case study of Delhi

Abstract

The rapid electrification of goods vehicles in India, particularly in urban centers like Delhi, has transformed last-mile freight dynamics. This study has analyzed the impact of electrification on trip rates and vehicle choice within Delhi’s urban freight sector. Using vehicle registration data, trip rates from the trip generation study, and vehicle count surveys, we have examined the shift from traditional light commercial vehicles (LCVs) toward electric goods three-wheelers (3WTs). The findings have revealed a significant rise in 3WT registrations and trip frequencies, alongside a relative decline in LCV usage. The projected sales of the 3WT segment have shown a steady rise from around 12,500 in 2025 to over 20,000 units by 2030, while the sales of LGVs have declined to 11,000 by 2030. Key drivers of this modal shift included operational advantages, fewer restriction on EV’s entry timings, and supportive government policies promoting electric vehicle adoption. These insights highlight the changing nature of freight mobility in Indian cities and the need for strategies to further support sustainable urban logistics.