Influence of EMHD flow of a non-Newtonian ternary hybrid nanofluid over a variable thickness surface with thermal effects and Cattaneo-Christov heat flux: Applications in biomedical engineering

Abstract

This article investigates a Darcy-Forchheimer flow nonlinear analysis in an electro-magnetohydrodynamic regime for a non-Newtonian ternary hybrid nanofluid (Cu–Fe₃O₄–Ti/blood) over a slanting extending plate incorporated in a porous medium, considering consistent heat source and sink effects and linear TR. By substituting the Cattaneo–Christov (CC) heat flow model for the traditional Fourier law, a thermal relaxation time permits limited-speed thermal signal transmission, thereby incorporating a more physically realistic heat conduction process. The boundary layer governing equations are transformed into a collection of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with the help of transformations of similarity, and these are then numerically resolved using MATLAB's bvp4c solver. The impact of inclination angle, electromagnetic parameters, volume fractions of nanoparticles, and thermal relaxation time on flow and heat transmission characteristics is demonstrated using parametric testing. The findings recommend prospective uses in targeted medication administration, thermal therapy, and bio-microfluidic devices in biomedical engineering by exhibiting improved thermal conductivity and controlled heat propagation.