Numerical investigation of magnetohydrodynamic Jeffrey fluid flow with coupled thermal and bioconvective transport

Abstract

In this paper, the magnetohydrodynamic flow of a Jeffrey nanofluid over a nonlinear stretching surface by considering heat transfer, mass transfer, chemical reactions, and the motion of motile microorganisms have been analysed. The flow behaviour is influenced by magnetic forces and the presence of Hall current, which together modify the Lorentz force and affect momentum transport. Joule heating and thermal radiation are involved to represent internal heat generation and radiative effects, while Brownian motion and thermophoresis define nanoparticles movement. The concentration field is more controlled by an Arrhenius activation energy term, which captures temperature-dependent chemical reactions. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformations and solved numerically with MATLAB’s bvp4c solver at a tolerance of 10⁻⁴. Additionally graphical and tabular results are presented to observe how various physical parameters influence the velocity, temperature, concentration, and microorganism distributions. This study reveals that Hall current enhances momentum transport, magnetic forces suppress it, thermal radiation increases fluid temperature, and stronger convective effects promote higher microorganism accumulation near the surface.