In silico analysis of anther-specific transcription factors belonging to bHLH, MADS-box, and MYB families in Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis

Abstract

Transcription factors are important regulatory proteins that orchestrate plant developmental processes, including the complex regulation of anther development, which is essential for reproductive success in flowering plants. This study analyses three major transcription factor families, bHLH, MYB, and MADS-box, that play crucial roles in anther development in two important model plant species, Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana. A total of 48 (20 from rice and 28 from Arabidopsis) anther-specific transcription factor coding genes were identified through literature mining. Phylogenetic and protein domain analysis established conserved evolutionary relationships between rice and Arabidopsis, suggesting both functional conservation and divergence across monocots and dicots. Chromosomal localization revealed irregular distribution pattern of genes in both plants. Expression analysis showed rice transcription factor genes exhibited maximal expression during pre-meiotic and meiotic stages of anther development, while in Arabidopsis, they showed predominant expression in flower pedicels and carpels. Protein–protein interaction analysis revealed that most anther- specific proteins interact with proteins involved in stamen and tapetum development. These findings offer valuable insights into the molecular regulation of anther development and identify candidate transcription factor genes that may be employed for hybrid seed production. Understanding these regulatory mechanisms will contribute to global food security.